Carver AP Biology, Friday 1/27 Homework

Homework:
1. Do the Lab Bench activity "Population Genetics and Evolution" at the link below.  Print and turn in for credit next class.
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab8/intro.html
2. Pop Gen Fishbowl simulation:
http://faculty.etsu.edu/jonestc/Virtualecology/VE_Window_PopGen.htm  (click on “Pop Gen Fishbowl” link)  Do the assignment Testing the assumtions in the Hardy-Weinberg Law below.

Additional Resources :
A powerpoint on evolution powerpoint will be used in class; you may access an unedited version at the link below.  If you download it, ignore the first couple of slides, since they are not entirely appropriate.  

http://phsgirard.org/APbiology/Chapter25/Evolution.ppt

Note: Chapter 22 Reading Guide (given out in class Wed 1/18) will be collected Tues 1/30.

Testing the assumptions in the Hardy Weinberg Law

INTRODUCTION

The Hardy-Weinberg Law states that the allele frequencies for any gene in a population will not change over time if five conditions are met.  You will use the Pop Gen Fishbowl simulation to test the effect of each of these conditions. 

Begin by reading the “More Information” link on the original window, so you will know a little bit about how the simulation works.  Then play with it a bit before doing the activity below.

EXPERIMENTS

For the purposes of these experiments, the independent (experimental) variable will be set using the sliders.  To avoid confusion, always begin with the controls set as near to valid hardy-Weinberg conditions as possible, and from this, vary only one factor at a time.  The dependent variables will be the allele frequencies and/or genotype frequencies over time.  As the Hardy-Weinberg situation is approached, these frequencies should stabilize, changing little over time.  The graph will show you intuitively how stable these are.

Population size: you can control the population of your fishbowl with the Init-N (initial number) slider, and the Carrying Capacity slider.  Do runs with a low carrying capacity and initial number, and a run at maximum carrying capacity and initial number.  (If you begin with a low initial number of fish and a big carrying capacity, you will see the stability change as the population grows.)  Note that the maximum capacity of the tank is not very high.

Random Mating: The Non-Random Mating slider allows you to adjust from zero  preference (non-random mating), left to prefer a different colored mate or right to prefer a same colored mate.

No Mutations: The mutation default settings are zero mutations.  You can allow mutations in either direction (dominant to recessive, or the reverse).  In real life, it is more common to have mutation of a dominant allele into a recessive one, since most recessives are simply inactive due to SNPs.

Migration: Migration is set by two sliders, one that gives the likelihood that a member of the population will be replaced by a migrant, and the other giving the likelihood of the migrant having the dominant  

No Natural Selection:  The selection sliders allow you to control the fitness of each genotype independently.  What matters are not the absolute numbers, but how they compare to each other.  Because each genotype can be set separately, you can decide whether the inheritance pattern is Mendelian simple dominance—recessiveness, or incomplete dominance/codominance.

Describe the setting of each of your five experiments and discuss the results in at least five paragraphs.  Be sure to head each section with the condition being tested.